Saturday, December 28, 2019

Does the French Verb Penser Need the Subjunctive

Penser may require the subjunctive, depending on whether it is used affirmatively, negatively, or interrogatively: Je pense que cest vrai. Je ne pense pas que ce soit vrai. Penses-tu que ce soit vrai ? The Subjunctivator! Quiz: Subjunctive or indicative?

Friday, December 20, 2019

Mens Fairness Cream - 1413 Words

Are Indian Consumer Ready For Family Pack Size Product Authored By Guided By Clifton Pereira Dr.Hanif Kanjer Reuban Rebello INTRODUCITION In today’s consumer world the concept of family pack size product is growing day by day .The consumer want a product in such a manner that can save their money or which is cost effective .The family pack is the product which can save the money of the customer. Most of the consumer prefer a pack product rather than regular product.†¦show more content†¦It is opposed to pure research which is not problem-oriented but for the increase in knowledge which may or may not be used in future. DATA COLLECTION a. Primary Data: Primary data has been collected using questionnaire and interviews. b. Secondary data: Secondary data has been obtained from the internet. In primary data collection, you collect the data yourself using methods such as interviews and questionnaires. The key point here is that the data you collect is unique to you and your research and, until you publish, no one else has access to it. There are many methods of collecting primary data and the main methods that have been used in this research include: * questionnaires * interview Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, surveys, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research. Secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality databases than would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own. In addition to that, analysts of social and economic change consider secondary data essential, since it is impossible to conduct a new survey that can adequatelyShow MoreRelatedFair and Lovely10103 Words   |  41 PagesGROUP 2 Marketing Project FINAL REPORT ON Fair Lovely | Unilever FOR FAIRNESS WITH EVERY WASH FOR PIMPLE FREE SKIN FOR SPOT FREE SKIN 1|P e FORa gAGELESS, FAIR SKIN 2013 – 2015 XLRI Jamshedpur Contents I. II. III. Cosmetics Industry................................................................................................................................ 4 Fair and Lovely : Experiencing Beauty ..............................................................................Read MoreReport on Garnier Fairness Cream.3262 Words   |  14 PagesPROJECT ON GARNIER FAIRNESS CREAM Prepared by Group 4 NOVEMBER, 16 , 2012 1.0 INTRODUCTION Garnier is launched in India by LOreal. Garnier came in India with its Ultra Doux range of shampoos. Garnier is a part of LOreal for mass marketing in cosmetics industry. Cosmetics industry in todays world comprises of face care, body care, hair care etc. Garnier light daily moisturiser for women and Garnier men powerlight intensive fairness moisturiser for men are its fairness creams. 2.0 NEEDS, WANTSRead MoreAMITY ASSIGNMENT-MARKETING MANAGEMENT1485 Words   |  6 PagesMarket Segmentation—Man’s Fairness    The male fairness segment industry is pitched at around Rs. 250 crore and the industry is growing at a scorching 150 percent per year.  The industry evidently has woken up to the fact that the metro-sexual and has a large appetite for beauty (the industry expression is male grooming) products, particularly driven by a desire to look as fair as the fairer SEX.      ABC Company recently launched GROOM PLUS the first mens fairness cream and claims that the marketRead MoreGillette810 Words   |  4 Pagesalso a famous brand and was established in 1901. Its products include personal care and batteries. When I see Gillette, I will remember men’s safety razors and its slogan is The Best a Man Can Get. Based on my research, it is up to 90 percentages of people using its products U.S. market and it accounts for 70% in the global. It shows that Gillette sells men’s safety razors well. In my opinion, Procter amp; Gamble and Gillette are good companies. In fact, they sell very similar products. IRead MoreThe Deep Rooted Cultural Hegemony Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pagessuch reasons why even educated people are still drowned in their safe haven of white superiority and the way it has spread in India through media. Many scholars have written about this ‘white superiority and how India is still a growing market for fairness products.’ Let us compare the previous literature on this topic and see if we can derive any concrete results or solutions to remedy this highly unethical mindset that has eluded the dark skinned from their proper place in society, since ages. â€Å"Whiteness†Read MoreMaking Process of Fair Lovely3121 Words   |  13 PagesHome About Contact Advertise With Us Look Book Jobs@MB Archive Letters to IMBB Subscribe Fair Lovely Multi Vitamin Cream Review by Punam on July 1, 2010  · 43 comments Fair Lovely Multi Vitamin Cream Hi Girls, here is my second review on The Very famous and widely used Product â€Å"Fair Lovely†. If you are regularly using it then you definitely fall in love with it. Actually I was searching for the Review of Fair Lovely on IMBB, I thought somebody must have already writtenRead MoreCase Study: Cultural Norms, Fair Lovely, and Advertising3030 Words   |  13 Pagesadvertisement of Fair amp; Lovely demeaning to women, or is promoting fairness cream in a way not too dissimilar from how most cosmetics are promoted? 2.4 Will HLL’s Fair amp; Lovely Foundation be enough to counter charges made by AIDWA? 2.5 In light of AIDWA charges, how would you suggest Fair amp; Lovely promotes its products? Would your response be different if Forever continues to use â€Å"fairness† as a theme of its promotion? 2.6 Propose a promotion/marketingRead MoreFair Lovely - Analysis Based on Principles of Marketting7156 Words   |  29 PagesLovely – Fairness cream and associate brand products. Company – Hindustan Unilever Ltd. (Formerly HLL) History of the product Scientists at the Unilever Research Laboratories in India were the first to discover the skin lightening action of Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) that led to the development of a unique and patented formulation of Fair amp; Lovely in 1972. Fair amp; Lovely was launched in 1978 in India. How does it work? Fair amp; Lovely s formulation contains a unique fairness system thatRead MoreCompetitive Analysis of Face Wash and Fairness Products Company‘S Name: Ratan Ayurvedic Sansthan9850 Words   |  40 PagesSummer Internship Project On Competitive Analysis Of Face Wash And Fairness Products Company‘s Name: Ratan Ayurvedic Sansthan Submited By Dimple Jethwani MBA Marketing Under The Guidance Of Prof. Rahul Gupta Marketing Head, Kengeri Campus DECLARATION I, Dimple Jethwani, hereby declare that the project report titled â€Å"Comparative Analysis of face wash and Fairness products submitted as the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the achievement of the Master of Business Administration (Marketing)Read MoreEssay about A Role of Ethics and Social Responsibilities in Management.1153 Words   |  5 Pagesactions according to moral principal of values(A.Alhemoud). Throughout the centuries people were trying to choose between profit and moral. Perhaps, some of them obtain both, but every time it could have roused ethical issues. Those issues concern fairness, justice, rightness or wrongness; as a result it can only be resolved according to ethical standards. Setting the ethical standards for the way of doing business in corporation is primarily task of management. Corporations have to maintain the

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Review on Software Development for Evolution- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReview on Software Development for Evolution and Process. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of the article: The article typically discuses about the Agile development process that focuses on the communication, development, working of the software and makes the working with the software easy for the user. It introduces the user-centred system design that focuses on the easy of usage of the software and the experience of the user throughout the whole process. The article proposes an idea of merging the Agile process with UCSD that will make the work of the user easy and time saving. The article interprets the findings on the activities of UCSD in Agile project and how the Agile process is gaining benefits from merging of them(Abrahamsson et al. 2017). The article typically hi-lights the factors that are determining the role of the Agile process and UCSD and how they help the user. They both have different focusing point and if they are merged together it will be highly beneficial to the end-user. Is the problem important? Yes, the problem is important. The problem states that when the IT professionals are working in Scum they are highly influenced by the constraints that the scum development process contains. The Agile process claims that the projects gives an environment and support to complete the job. However, it is not concerned about the users when they are focusing on individuals. Thus, it is often doubtful that who is to be held responsible for the interaction between the user and the team. Another major problem related to this is with the UX professionals who rarely understands the team environment. The research done by the author clearly shows that the motivated workers who tries to integrate UCSD work in Scum do not have the situation to do the work that is required to do. In Scum the team bonding and environment is strong and the workers feel left out from the team in this culture. However, they maintain a principal to trust the team but often there is conflict among the team members and th e UX professionals. The problem clearly states that the IT professionals are interested in usable activities but do not have a common understanding and this makes it harder for them to fight for the usability. Argument to be made to support the authors position- The author discusses about the issues faced in the integration of UCSD and the formation of Agile lies within various approaches. The Agile process focus on the communication and speed in the team. Whereas the UCSD focuses on the communication with user and making the system usable. It has it own contribution for increasing the likelihood of delivering functioning system on time with appropriate budget. The Agile user does not think about the actual end-user(Bukhari). They mainly focus on providing importance to the customer instead of providing quality to the end-user. Generally it is concluded that UCSD has a lot to gain when integrated with Agile system. When the activities in the Agile process it can be seen that it is not easy. According to Jan Gulliksen it was concluded that UX professionals need to play an explicit role while working in the project, else they will feel left out. They should maintain the authority in the work place. Evidence used to support the position: The process includes a research survey conducted by them to know about the user view. The research includes interview with usability and user experience. The interview had a single purpose to understand how the users are using and applying UCSD in their projects and the problems faced by them. The interview included result from various sources and conclusion was simple. The answer came from 37 IT professionals and information was collected from 158 professionals using Agile processes. The interpretation was gathered from 5 studies. The overall conclusion states the problem and chances of Agile and UCSD. It concludes that IT professionals in Scum are highly influenced by the constraints that the scum process includes. In a research paper by Marta Larusdotter it was analysed how to understand the constraints the scum process provides. The suggested few measures to define the responsibility to the team members and PO, they should regularly communicate directly with the actual user. The team member should use multiple channel for feedback and review. Convincing power of the argument: The argument had started with the basic different with the UCSD and Agile process that were supposed to be merged for a better scope for the end-user. However, the author has highlighted the issues regarding this and how it affects the users in various IT sections. The IT users were interviewed and based on their data it was concluded that there are many gaps and uneasy situation for the UX professionals to work on such situation. The article states that the UCSD methodologies are highly target oriented and ambitious to fit the development process. The argument is highly accepted in the society especially among those who are actually using the process. However, initially a conception comes that the merging of these two will give a better outcome. The other researches done by various organizations also states the same problem. The argument has strong convincing power as it has logical reasons along with direct reviews from IT professionals who all are using the system in their daily l ife. Pershin and Di Ventra 2014, June). This creates a disturbance in the whole process and leads to failure in the whole process of merging them. Software development community: The most efficient method transferring information to the and in a team is direct face to face. The study has highlighted that the direct conversation is the most appealing way to communicate in an organization. It has shown that how daily stand up meetings are common and it gives a good over view of the works performed by the team. The agile method has established the system of solving problem to save time for the origival development process. The Agile focuses the requirement for the software to be working that will enhance the process of continuous development, manage development, and facilitate the development. Another theory states that the software is the main measure for progress. The reasons are rarely shown in Scrum project and the level of usability is often informally evaluated with a limited users. Many agile methods are least concerned about the actual end user. They target only on delivering values to the customers instead of delivering the quality to the end user. The software development community will have a clear idea about the effect of the two distinct process that could have been merged to make a better result. The community will build a better idea about the whole process and its side-affect in the system. The user will have a clear idea about the fact that the agile software development does not support UCSD activities through the process itself nether does it prevents it. It suggests the user that if they want to work with UCSD in an Agile fashion then it will be a good starting point for the change. It is clearly stated that the potential for them to work is more general for all methodology. It suggests that when it is necessary to give priority while working with UCSD in Agile development give the person an authority to stop the production line, give them responsibility to evaluate usability. The paper gives me a clear idea about the working with the different systems that will not be a wise decision. The study has cleared my idea about the development process like Scum that is focusing on communication and development and the UCSD design that focuses on the usability of the user. Just like others even I had an initial idea of merging these two to get a better result for the end-user while working with this process. The study actually cleared my view on this topic and made me realize the issues that are related to the merging of these two processes. Although these two processes are assumed to meet similar issues and by applying them the system would become usable tasks. The paper has hi-lighted the related issues faced by the users and how difficult it becomes to conduct the whole system if these processes are merged. It has specifically shown the common problems that are faced by the users(Kruchten 2013). The study has conveyed a survey and that has shown the interview o f various IT professionals and the users who are using this process and has faced few issues. In work place it is better to avoid the use of Agile method that is not benefiting the users. The Agile method generally does not consider the users issues. The process of changing the requirement is a part of iterative development however, it does not mean that Agile professional should avoid the main work of understanding the context of usage and exploring through various designs. It sometimes neglects the early affects and starts believing that this could be made from the made up for future. This shows that there is a high risk that clearly states that the product owner is considered as a substitute(Larusdottir, Gulliksen and Cajander 2017). Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that paper is hi-lighting the Agile software development project does not support the UCSD directly through the process itself. It can be good starting point. The Agile practitioners uses scrum generally selects one issue to improve the process at the meetings. The study is completely based on the surveys and studies done by the authors and has no accurate conclusion for it. However, it can be concluded with this note mentioned above. There are potential for the for the users to work more generally for the methodologies. The study clearly removes the misconception about merging the two programs and making a better output. It has clearly stated the risks related to this system and has to be kept in mind by the users. The use of this combined system will not be of much help and this has been proved by the surveys done by the author that clearly states that the idea will be a failure. The survey was done in IT professionals and the users thus the answers are al so absolutely trust worthy. There might be few changes in minor cases but the overall thought point will remain the same. References: Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J. and Warsta, J., 2017. Agile software development methods: Review and analysis.arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.08439. Bukhari, S.N.H., Agile software development. Kruchten, P., 2013. Contextualizing agile software development.Journal of Software: Evolution and Process,25(4), pp.351-361. Larusdottir, M., Gulliksen, J. and Cajander, ., 2017. A license to killImproving UCSD in Agile development.Journal of Systems and Software,123, pp.214-222. Pershin, Y.V. and Di Ventra, M., 2014, June. Memcomputing: A computing paradigm to store and process information on the same physical platform. InComputational Electronics (IWCE), 2014 International Workshop on(pp. 1-2). IEEE.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Extempore Speaking free essay sample

Topics for extempore speaking (in MBA admission process) Why you should be selected? Focus on what strengths you bring to the table. These should be consistent with the four things most Institutes are looking for in students during the admission selection: competence, adaptability, enthusiasm, and never say die attitude. Remember, they are looking for chemistry between you and your future employer. Be prepared to summarize in short time why you are the best candidate for the seat. Also, let the institute know you want the admission and you will enjoy being with them. A lack of interest in the program may indicate a lack of enthusiasm for the institute as well as your future. Now that youve had a chance to learn more about us, what would you change about our institute? Be careful here. Most institutes dont want you to come in and shake up the place. At the same time, they dont want someone who says, Nothing, everything looks great here. Seek a middle ground by focusing on one or two non-threatening issues that may have come up in your discussions. For example, From our discussion of the problem with slow placement due to economic downturn, I think we should look into the possibility of giving more practical knowledge and exposure to the students. It will make the students more employment ready. I also think, we need to do a thorough analysis of what the companies are expecting out of the students and try to fill the gap existing between the expectations and reality. Such an answer indicates you are open to making changes but you also have a certain non-threatening decision-making style. Your response should sound sensible and innovative. Whats your dream job? This is your ideal chance to sell your aptitudes that fit the job description you would be offered after completing the program. Show an interest in finding new ways of using the skills you will acquire during the course period and also that you can be put to use in new roles with additional responsibilities. My dream job would include the execution of all of the theoretical and practical knowledge I will gain from the program. Also, all the responsibilities and duties in the position of a manager will be handed over to me in my dream job. I also thrive in a fast-changing environment where theres business growth. Your plans include attracting international placement during the next year, and this would satisfy one of my ultimate goals of being involved in an international corporation. What color is your brain? Be aware that youll probably be asked to speak on such topic. The point is not to stump you, but to find out what makes you tick. When the standard extempore topics are presented, people are prepared and its harder for the recruiter to get to know the real person. An MBA admission panel, for example, tries to avoid repeated topics. But, different and conventional topic like the one above has no right or wrong answer. In fact, the panel wont even really care what your answer is. He or she just doesnt want to hear something like, I dont know, I guess its blue because thats the way I imagine it. The point is to see how creative you are and how you think. Be sure to explain why you answered the way you did. My brain is red because Im always hot. Im always on fire with new plans and ideas. Consider the following scenario: You are placed in a company after completion of your program. One evening you are working late and are the last person in the office. You answer an urgent telephone call to your supervisor from a sales rep whos currently meeting with a potential client. The sales rep needs an answer to a question to close the sale. Tomorrow will be too late. You have the expertise to answer the question, but its beyond your normal level of authority. How do you respond? This response shows that the candidate is confident in his or her ability and can be counted on in an emergency. Similarly, your answer should indicate that youre not afraid to be the decision maker in a tough situation, even if the situations beyond your normal level of authority. Id get all the pertinent information, taking well-documented notes. Id answer the question based on my knowledge and the information provided. Id leave my supervisor a note and fill him or her in on the details the next morning. Id be sure to explain my decision, as well as the thought process behind it. What is change management? Such type of question is asked, generally to check your coping mechanisms for responding to changes. It tests how systematic your approach could be in dealing with change, both from the perspective of an organization and on the individual level. A somewhat ambiguous term, change management has at least three different aspects, including: adapting to change, controlling change, and effecting change. A proactive approach to dealing with change is at the core of all three aspects. The response could be â€Å"Change management is a term used to refer to the introduction of new processes in an organisation, or the management of people who are experiencing change. Successful adaptation to change is as crucial within an organization and the individuals in them inevitably encounter changing conditions as they are powerless to control. The more effectively one deals with change, the more likely he or she thrives. Adaptation might involve establishing a structured methodology for responding to changes in the business environment. † Online learning In today’s world, many adults find themselves unsatisfied with their college and institution and wish for something more but demands on their time and schedule make this seem impossible. The good news is that the Internet has many online learning opportunities available that allows one to gain a higher education, learn new skills, and become more marketable. And the great thing about the benefits of online learning and online education is that one can get an education according to their own schedule and can do it from the comfort of their own home. In fact, thousands of working professionals have been able to increase their knowledge and jobs skills without ever having to enter a classroom, thanks to online classes. By asking you to speak on this topic, the panel might check your understanding on technology and current trends. Your response towards online learning could be favorable or unfavorable, but don’t be indifferent towards this topic as this shows that you have no idea about the latest revolutions. Your response could be, â€Å"Online Learning could be considered as learning in the virtual classroom. While there are indeed many solid career opportunities available today, the market place is extremely competitive, making higher education that much more vital to successfully landing the job of one’s own dreams. But one of the leading concerns for students, as well as working class, is to consider entering the world of expensive education. Fortunately, there are plenty of distance learning courses that make it possible for willing students to learn from the comfort of their own home without having to worry about many other expenses like commutation expenses, lodging and boarding expenses, etc. Plus, these distance learning programs have been gaining a good degree of credibility throughout the professional world, so one can be confident of receiving an education that will be acknowledged by major companies. † Are MBA Salaries Still on the Rise? These questions help the panel in understanding ‘what is your actual aim- Knowledge or mere Money? If you crave for mere Money, i. e. you are driven by the high salary hype, you will not be considered a good candidate as money minded people generally don’t concentrate on effectiveness and quality. But if you are truly driven by your inner force of learning, you will certainly get that chance by securing a seat in your desired college. Your response to this ques tion could be, â€Å"This depends on the situation of the individual student and other factor such as, the type of industry they are in, the company for which they are employed, and the prior skills they bring with them into the workforce. Attending an MBA school still has the potential to raise your value and increase your personal bottom line, but it is not a guarantee. However, the economy has already begun to turn around, and many financial organizations are posting large profits again and have begun to recruit MBA graduates for a variety of positions. MBA holders work in a variety of positions, including financial controllers, senior financial analysts, project managers, marketing directors, and of course as CFOs and CEOs. Salaries for these elite positions can be much higher than mid-level jobs. How has the Economic downturn changed the Outlook for MBAs? This topic again will introduce your actual thoughts to the panel. In reality, the economic downturn has actually changed the outlook for MBA’s. Those who were sheer driven by the money behind MBA degree have taken a U-Turn and made way for those who are in real wanted to pursue this course for making an established career. This topic can earn you a defini te seat in you dream college. So your response could be positive like, â€Å"It is still as good a time as any to earn an MBA. In fact, as the economy begins to turn around – and all indications point to that process already beginning – more opportunities for management specialists will be available. Most companies were forced to decrease their staffs using steps such as early retirement and lay-offs in order to survive the economic downturn. As the economy begins to swing upward, these companies will be seeking managers that are not only experienced, but are also knowledgeable about the many legal changes that have been instituted uring the crisis. This means if one undergoes earning an MBA today, he or she will likely be taught the legal changes as they are implemented. The goal of the MBA is to provide the company with the experience and knowledge that will put oneself in high demand in corporate world. MBA programs around the world are adapting their curriculums to reflect the changes made in today’s business world. An MBA will strive to provide the company with a better understandin g of the new economy. †

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Travel and Tourism Essay Sample free essay sample

Merchandise: A good. thought. method. information. object or service that is the ultimate consequence of a procedure and serves as a demand or desire satisfier. Servicess: Servicess are provided to consumers with the great mode. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessdictionary. com/definition/product. hypertext markup language ? Thorpe Park drives The Swarm Ride The Swarm drive is new drive in Thorpe Park for 2012. they have a alone winged seating place. observing above or below you but air. terrorizing 127ft upside-down bead under a plane wing. velocities of up to 92 KPH. draw up to 4. 5gs and 2. 543 pess grim. distorted metal. The SAW drive The Saw drive is now more terrifying than of all time because a nervus tear uping beyond perpendicular 100ft bead down so rapidly. 3 insane inversions. velocities of up to 55 MPH. draw up to 4. 7GS and 2. 397 pess of average metal path. Anyone can sit this Saw drive but they need to be at least 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Travel and Tourism Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4m tall and 51 inch torso limitation. The Rush Ride Rush is one of the bang drive in Thorpe Park because it’s truly chilling drive that anyone would wish to seek. To sit on this drive you need to be at least 1. 3m tall otherwise you wouldn’t be able to sit for security ground. The Nemesis Inferno Ride The Nemesis Inferno Ride is flips the rollercoaster on its caput with upside-down Hell drive into the fiery cavity of a vent which can do people a spot frightened and they enjoy this. In order to sit on this drive the individual must be at least 1. 4m tall and 51 Inch thorax limitation. The Tidal Wave Ride The Tidal Wave Ride is thrill for searchers who ride a tidal moving ridge they can snog waterlessness adieu. sing a heart-stopping 85ft dip into the blue. bring forthing the tallest wall of H2O this side of the North Sea. Whoever sits on this drive they will acquire drench. To sit on this drive you should be at least 1. 2m tall. The Samurai Ride This drive is merely great and anyone can bask locating on this drive because it spins unrelentingly through 360 grade of stomach-churning panic. This drive is one of the most utmost bang rides the Thorpe Park has to offer everyone who visit to them. To sit on this drive you need to be at least 1. 4m tall and 51 inch torso limitation. Nature of merchandise The nature of merchandise of and service at Thorpe Park is intangible. which mean their client have a thrill-seeking experience. Perishable means it is expired that mean you can non utilize it same ticket after that day of the month expired. Thorpe Park delivered good client service or bad client service. For Example. Thorpe Park on their web site it is it they provided sufficient information on their web site for their clients if non so it is bad client service which means that they have less clients come to Thorpe Park. Thorpe Park produces merchandises and services to run into selling aims for a peculiar merchandise might include increasing merchandise consciousness among targeted consumers. FeaturesDescribe the trade name name of Thorpe Park?Thorpe Park is owned by Merlin Entertainments group.Thorpe Park is used for several grounds: To assist acknowledgment. to do the merchandise different. to make trade name trueness. to develop a trade name image If the client truly likes the trade name they trust the merchandise and purchase the same merchandise once more. Thorpe Park as a trade name looks to pull to their clients. Describe the alone merchandising point ( USP ) . offered by Thorpe Park? Harmonizing to Thorpe Park the alone merchandising point of the drive is that invitees are non restrained in ; the centrifugal force is adequate to maintain people fast in their seats. which is rather a feeling. No other drive at Thorpe Park inverts riders without giving them any restraint whatsoever ; in fact. most provide full over the shoulder restraints for good step. As with all Thorpe Park rides. it is really really unafraid. but one can’t aid experience daunted by it. Siting in the passenger cars. riders are rather protected from the wind-in-your-face feeling. and on a similar vena. the visuals aren’t great. Riders can’t see in front of themselves. and can’t see other riders. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //prezi. com/iluycvec_gdm/thorpe-park/ ) Describe Thorpe Park history utilizing the Product Life Cycle?This image I took it from the Google by typing ( Thorpe Park Life Cycle Graph ) The merchandise life rhythm shows the phases of popularity of a merchandise which has four phases: Product Development – during which clip the house devises and creates a new merchandise. Whilst the terminal purpose of this development procedure is to hold a profitable. well-performing merchandise on the market. this initial phase is characterised by nothing gross revenues. the house bearing the costs of such development. typically ensuing in negative profitableness ( Kotler and Armstrong. 2004 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. coursework4you. co. uk/essays-and-dissertations/product-lifecycle. php Introduction – The concern Begin to construct merchandise consciousness and develop a market for the merchandise. Growth phase – The concern Begin to construct trade name presence and increase market portion. Maturity phase – Strong growing slows and competition may look. Marketing attempts switch to supporting market portion and maximising net income. Decline phase – the gross revenues of the merchandise diminution. Thorpe Park is phase of adulthood because before 2 old ages they are really attractive and busy administration and had a strong growing of clients. Promotion Specify the term publicity ‘’The promotion of a merchandise. thought. or point of position through promotion and/or advertising’’ . Businessdicitonary. com Thorpe Park has to state its clients about their merchandise many ways. for illustration. Television. wireless. postings. newspapers. cyberspace. magazines. public conveyances. Describe the different types of promotional techniques and promotional stuffs used by Thorpe Park Thorpe Park uses promotional techniques and promotional stuffs to run into the selling aims of raising consciousness. the stuffs and techniques they use are is following. †¢ Direct selling†¢ Public dealingss†¢ Personal merchandising†¢ Ad and gross revenues publicity Thorpe Park utilizing personal merchandising at particular events and this is done by face to face. E. g. of fright night- therefore they selling chilling masks and glow sticks. They use gross revenues publicity to promote people to purchase merchandises to increase more people to see Thorpe Park ; hence. they give. Money off verifiers. Discounts. Competitions. PR Promotions. Topographic point Specify the term topographic point â€Å"In selling mix. location of the market means of distribution used in making it. † ( Businessdicitionary. com ) Describe the location of Thorpe Park Thorpe Park is located on the south west London stopping points to junction 12 of the M25 by auto and manager. Thorpe Park has a monolithic land that they could spread out to developing more bang drives and add up more eating houses. Thorpe Park could hold many benefits from the location such as. big client base. good conveyance links ( roads. air and train ) and Thorpe Park can spread out topographic point if it’s needed. Describe the distribution channels used by Thorpe Park Thorpe Park the way taken to acquire merchandises from administrations to clients is called a distribution channel. Thorpe Park gives information via. cyberspace. tourer information Centre. Television and web site or you can acquire information at Thorpe Park from their staffs. Monetary value Specify the term monetary value ‘’Price is the money or unit of value exchanged for the purchase or usage of a merchandise. or service’’ . ( businessdicitonary. com ) Describe how Thorpe Park uses different pricing schemes Thorpe Park is uses different stuff for the pricing schemes for illustration. discounting and seasonality. They are link with Tesco and many other companies that people can acquire voucher for Thorpe Park and this will assist Thorpe Park to acquire more people to see them. Example of Pricing Schemes of Thorpe Park †¢ Competition based pricing – There is more Theme Parks that is set up monetary value is reasonably similar to avoid a monetary value war between the organisations. †¢ Market orientated pricing – Thorpe Park looks at what is traveling on in the market when they set their monetary values and to see what clients are willing to pay at certain times. †¢ Peak and off Peak pricing – Thorpe Park For school trips they merely offer peak and off extremum pricing †¢ Discounts – Thorpe Park offers price reductions on their normal monetary values e. g. big groups. pupils. OAP’s. Schools. †¢ Special offers – Thorpe Park merchandises are offered at a particular low monetary value. this encourages the gross revenues of merchandises to increase more clients to see them. Explain the consequences of your secondary research. doing specific mention to your beginnings of information. ( P4 ) To make secondary research I can happen out about Thorpe service and merchandises. My aim is to place what Thorpe Parks’ clients think of their image by 5th of October 2012. Thorpe Park clients think about their merchandise and service is they have a bang rides in Thorpe Park that their client holding good experience with them. Their staffs is really utile in order to assist client. for illustration. ’’ if the people scared to sit on sit their staff promote them to sit on drive by stating them that be courageous and seek the experience with our rides’’ . This can be Thorpe Park good image on public. I have collected this information from the cyberspace where Thorpe Park client stated on their feedback on web site called: hypertext transfer protocol: //new. thorpeparkmania. co. uk/ride/reputation ‘’Thorpe Park is presently one of the largest Subject Parks in Europe and arguably the best in the state. It operates in a monolithic 500 acre secret plan and on a good twenty-four hours. can do a net income turnover of about ?500. 000’’ . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. 123helpme. com/view. asp? id=122794 ‘’Promotions- Promotion or advertisement aids better the repute of a merchandise. At Thorpe Park there are many advertizements on T. V. newspapers and wireless to pull people to the park. Besides there have been many promotional price reductions which once more attract people to the park. An illustration of this is the impermanent price reduction for Adults and kids. where admittance for one kid per household is free’’ . This can be Thorpe Park good image on public. ‘’90 % of people asked said they had no job with the security of the park and merely 10 % said they had ‘small concerns’ . So overall the security was ok’’ The most popular age group at the park was the ’16-25 twelvemonth old’ category with 60 % . The least popular was the 60+ group. This shows that the park is evidently aimed towards the younger coevals. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. 123helpme. com/view. asp? id=122794 The drives were astonishing largely suited for teens and above but non for kids 8 old ages old and below. There is a great ambiance and when you go on a drive. you’ll want to travel on it once more. If you have kids and you are traveling to Thorpe Park. kids at least 10 old ages old can travel on a batch. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tripadvisor. co. uk/Attraction_Review-g642238-d216468-Reviews-Thorpe_Park-Chertsey_Surrey_England. hypertext markup language Always busy here so you will hold to make some queuing but take a field day in your bag and some good company and it’s non a job. The drives are superb with tonss of different 1s. Fears darks are the best clip to travel if you can manage a long twenty-four hours. There’s clip to make all the drives in the twenty-four hours and so once more on the dark which is truly something particular. I must acknowledge I don’t bother with the labyrinths as they don’t excite me but it’s merriment to watch those of a more nervous temperament in them. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tripadvisor. co. uk/Attraction_Review-g642238-d216468-Reviews-or10-Thorpe_Park-Chertsey_Surrey_England. html # REVIEWS INFULENCES AFFECTING Selling M1 I am traveling to choose a travel and touristry administration and I need to explicate how factors have influences selling determinations. Thorpe Park I have chosen the Technological. Political and Social factors and now I am traveling to explicate how these factors have influences selling determinations. Technological Factor has influence selling determination by usage of cyberspace selling I can roll up the information of any administration. for illustration of Thorpe Park do utilize engineerings to supply information about their administration and this will act upon selling determination. hence. Thorpe Park put their drives cartridge holders on YouTube. Facebook and chirrup to inform people that they have an highly thrill drives on Thorpe Park and this will carry more people to see them. This makes technological factor to act upon selling determination to Thorpe Park. The advantage of the Technological Factor is that Thorpe Park mark audience is ages between 15 to 35 old ages old. As they aiming immature and grownups who use the cyberspace most presents and this influence the usage selling. for illustration. Thorpe Park ever advertise on YouTube. Twitter and Facebook these are the three chief ways to inform people to on future plume. Political factor has influence selling determination by utilizing new jurisprudence introduced of Thorpe Park for their every new drives release and besides ordinance for specific country. for illustration. Thorpe Park late introduced new smoking country that their client can travel and smoke within that country as their client are non permitted smoke in waiting line lines. This can act upon marketing determination of Thorpe Park. Tourists can see to Thorpe Park as they have a right to remain in UK and Thorpe Park heartily welcomes everyone who wants to see Thorpe Park. Social Factor has influence selling determination by gives price reductions to their clients such as. seasonality. group. and pupil and booked an progress they can acquire some per centum off. Thorpe Park Release their new merchandise every twelvemonth for illustration of Swarm is new drive for 2012 ultimate thrill-seeking experience. This will act upon selling determination to increases the figure for client. Advantage of Thorpe Park is that they persuade more people to see them during opening clip by giving price reductions on such as. newspapers. stores and many other ways that they could acquire voucher. Explain how the constituents of the selling mix work together within your chosen administration. utilizing specific illustrations. ( M2 ) Thorpe Park I explain how the constituents of the selling mix work together within Thorpe Park. Selling are used by Thorpe Park to increase visitant Numberss. for illustration of marketing mix which is Price. publicity. topographic point and merchandise. Price- Thorpe Park gives price reductions to their clients such as. seasonality. group. and pupil and booked an progress they can acquire some per centum off. Promotion: Thorpe Park when new merchandises come so they advertise on T. V. YouTube. societal web such as Facebook. and Twitter. They besides work with the companies. Tesco to give them voucher 2 for 1. Topographic point: Thorpe Park located in great country where anyone can travel through conveyances for illustration. by auto they can take M2 path throughout junction 25. they are besides work with coach company every bit good. Product – Thorpe Park Release their new merchandise every twelvemonth for illustration of Swarm is new drive for 2012 ultimate thrill-seeking experience. This selling mix increases the figure for client. Fright Night is the chief event of Thorpe Park which they have aimed to accomplish selling aims and hence they can pull more visitants. Fright Night gives the clients excitement experience that will dismay even the bravest of thrill-seekers to their bosom. Thorpe Park usage pricing schemes such as discounting. Competition based pricing Market orientated pricing. Peak and off Peak pricing and seasonality. They have a good trade of group of 7 for Fright Night It merely cost ?24. To do fright Night fantastic event and to pull to their clients. Thorpe Park advertises their event on face book. chirrup and their email newssheet but people can happen Thorpe Park event on online instead than publicize on Newspaper. As more people visit Thorpe Park and this will shows that Thorpe Park is accomplishing the selling aims as their selling aims is to convey more visitants into their park. Thorpe Park usage channel of distribution to market their Fright Night event because the channel of distribution get merchandises from administrations to clients. Thorpe Park gives their merchandise and services on cyberspace. tourer information Centre. Television and web site. Thorpe Park has a Fright dark event every old ages to attracted more people to convey more client. They have a dark and prison installation where society’s most unsafe and crazed felons have been locked off neer to be seen once more. To such new things people would love to come once more. This is how Thorpe Park is accomplishing the selling aims to convey more visitants every twelvemonth. Analyse the selling determinations for one administration in relation to the selling mix of the administration and the factors that have influenced these determinations. ( D1 ) Thorpe Park For Thorpe Park The first selling determinations is to alterations merchandises. Thorpe Park analyses what their clients are looking into fluctuations and Thorpe Park make alterations to the their Merchandises with their drives. for illustration. alterations to the design of drives. coloring material. accelerate velocity of drives and they besides include the music during clients siting which could be makes riders exciting and give thrilling experience of siting on drives Selling determinations for Thorpe Park is usages different pricing schemes e. g. discounting. Competition based pricing Market orientated pricing. Peak and off Peak pricing and seasonality. Selling determinations for Thorpe Park is usage of cyberspace selling. by and large 15-120 twelvemonth olds use internet a batch and this will turn of the immature people to go throughing Thorpe Park popular drive cartridge holders to each other which making a immense following usher of Thorpe Park to utilize the U tubing cartridge holders such as. on World Wide Web. Youtube. com to publicize their new drives to inform people this how people can carry and this makes technological factor to act upon selling determination to Thorpe Park Thorpe Park is turning rapid gait and this influences the usage of cyberspace selling as immature people are fastest turning group utilizing cyberspace such as face book and this has influenced Thorpe Park to utilize the cyberspace to publicize their merchandises on such as online because it’s one of the most common promotional techniques. Thorpe Park analyses what other rival companies has put monetary value on their merchandise so Thorpe Park will put up monetary value scheme to see that clients are willing to pay at certain times. Thorpe Park made offers price reductions on their normal monetary values for illustration. big groups. or pupils. because Thorpe Park can convey more people to giving price reductions and the factor that have influenced selling determinations is economic factor which have influence selling determination by fluctuations of pricing. and this makes economic factor to act upon selling determination to Thorpe Park. Harmonizing to Thorpe Park characteristics is they have range type of merchandises. e. g. the SAW drive is one of the chilling drive in Thorpe Park. the drove is new drive for 2012 with sole component. the Rush is one of the exciting drive that anyone would wish to travel and many more so on. Some of the Thorpe Park merchandises are intangible. which mean people could non take anything with them but their visitants can hold a thrill-seeking experience and the factor that have influenced selling determinations is societal factor which have influence selling determination by alterations to merchandises. and this makes societal factor to act upon selling determination to Thorpe Park. Make recommendations as to how your findings could profit the administration. you need to analyze the graphs and charts that you have put your consequences into. ( D2 ) Evaluation and recommendations on the whole. I think Thorpe Park is successful in its selling but I have some recommendations. I will demo these under the four separate headers of selling. Merchandise The drives at Thorpe Park seem equal to the ages of 16-25 twelvemonth olds. nevertheless if they want to appeal to older people or even households they should involvement a few less tickle pinking drives. This is because. I believe there is more money to be made from households. than immature people as they by and large have more money and hence be prepared to pass more at the park. Besides I think. to better the attractive force of the park they must replace or renew some of the old drives which are approaching the terminal of their merchandise lifecycle. This may be money short term. but the increased entreaty the park will acquire from new drives will finally increase net income turnover. Topographic point Although 45 % of people at the park had trouble acquiring to the I think it would non be good traveling the park to another location as this would hold minimum advantage sing the cost of traveling. However I think the park should see purchasing more land for parking as 20 % of people said they had problem with this. Monetary value a monolithic 70 % of people thought the park was excessively overpriced. Therefore I think it is highly of import for Thorpe Park to take down its monetary value as many consumers could look elsewhere for amusement. Although the park would free money short term. the increased sum of people coming to the park for its low monetary values would shortly cover this. Promotion As 50 % of interviewees said the publicity was the chief ground they came to the park I think Thorpe Park should see utilizing more promotional offers as this would increase the popularity of the park over its rivals. Besides I think more advertizement is needed as 28 % had non even heard of any publicity.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Pros and Cons of the Common Core State Standards

Pros and Cons of the Common Core State Standards The full implementation of the Common Core State Standards has come and gone. The true impact that they have on schools and education as a whole may still not be known for several years. One thing that is for sure is this shift to a national set of standards has been revolutionary and highly controversial. They have been highly debated and well discussed with a handful of states once committed to the standards having eventually recanted to go a different direction. As the media continues to evaluate the significance of the Common Core and data from Common Core states begin to pour in, you can bet the debate will rage on. Here, we examine several of the pros and cons of the Common Core Standards that will continue to lead the debate. PROS The Common Core State Standards are internationally benchmarked. This means that our standards will compare favorably to standards of other countries. This is positive in that the United States has dropped considerably in educational rankings over the last few decades. By having standards that are internationally benchmarked that ranking could begin to improve.The Common Core State Standards has allowed states to compare standardized test scores accurately. Up until the Common Core Standards, each state had their own set of standards and assessments. This has made it exceedingly difficult to compare one states results accurately with another state’s results. This is no longer the case with like standards and assessments for Common Core states who share the same assessments.The Common Core State Standards has decreased the costs states pay for test development, scoring, and reporting. This is because each state will no longer have to pay to have their unique tests to be develop ed. Each of the states that share the same standards can develop a like test to meet their needs and split costs. Currently, there are two majors Common Core-related testing consortia. Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium is made up of fifteen states and PARCC consists of nine states. The Common Core Standards has increased the rigor in some classrooms and may better prepare students for college and global work success. This is probably the single biggest reason that the Common Core Standards were created. Higher education has long complained that more and more students need remediation at the beginning of college. The increased rigor should lead students to be more prepared for life after high school.The Common Core State Standards arguably has lead to the development of higher level thinking skills in our students. Students today often are tested on one skill at a time. The Common Core assessment will cover several skills within each question. This will ultimately lead to better problem-solving skills and increased reasoning.The Common Core State Standards assessments have given teachers a tool to monitor students’ progress throughout the year. The assessments will have optional pre-test and progress monitoring tools that teachers can use to find out what a student knows, where they are going, and to figure out a plan to get them where they need to be. This gives teachers an avenue to compare an individual student’s progress instead of one student against another. The Common Core State Standards assessments have been more authentic to a child’s learning experience. We will be able to see what all a student has learned across all curricula through the multi-assessment model. Students will no longer simply be allowed to come up with the right answer. Often times they must give an answer, state how they arrived at that conclusion, and defend it.The Common Core State Standards can benefit students with high mobility when they move from one Common Core state into another. States will now share the same set of standards. Students in Arkansas should be learning the same thing as a student in New York. This will benefit students whose families move continuously.The Common Core State Standards has given students stability thus allowing them to understand what is expected of them. This is important in that if a student understands what, and why they are learning something, there becomes a greater sense of purpose behind learning it.The Common Cor e State Standards has in many ways enhanced teacher collaboration and professional development. Teachers across the nation have been teaching the same curriculum. This allows teachers in opposite corners of the nation to share their best practices with each other and apply it. It also provides the opportunity for meaningful professional development as the education community is all on the same page. Finally, the standards have sparked a meaningful, nationwide conversation about the state of education in general. CONS The Common Core State Standards has been a tremendously difficult adjustment for students and teachers. It has been a difficult transition. It was not the way many teachers were used to teaching and not the way that many students were used to learning. There have not been instant results but instead, has been a slow process with many almost refusing to get on board.The Common Core State Standards has caused many outstanding teachers and administrators to pursue other career options. Many veteran teachers have retired rather than adjust the way they teach. The stress of getting their students to perform will likely continue to cause more teacher and administrator burnout.The Common Core State Standards are vague and broad. The standards are not particularly specific, but many states have been able to deconstruct or unwrap the standards making them more teacher friendly.The Common Core State Standards has forced younger students to learn more at a quicker pace than they ever have befor e. With the increased rigor and higher level thinking skills, early childhood programs have become more rigid. Pre-Kindergarten has become more important, and skills students used to learn in second grade are being taught in Kindergarten. The Common Core State Standards assessment does not have an equivalency test for students with special needs. Many states provide students with special needs a modified version of the test. There is no modified test for the Common Core Standards, meaning that 100% of a school’s population has their results reported for accountability purposes.The Common Core State Standards could be watered down when compared to a few states who had previously developed and adopted rigorous standards. The Common Core Standards were designed as a middle ground of the current state standards meaning that while many states’ standards were raised, there were some whose rigor decreased.The Common Core State Standards caused many textbooks to become obsolete. This was a pricey fix as many schools had to develop or purchase new curricula and materials that were aligned to the Common Core.The Common Core State Standards costs schools a lot of money to update the technology needed for the Common Core Standards Assessments. Most of the assessments are online. This created many issues for districts who had to purchase enough computers for all students to be assessed in a timely manner. The Common Core State Standards has led to an increased value on standardized test performance. High stakes testing is already a trending issue, and now that states are able to compare their performances against another accurately, the stakes have only become higher.The Common Core State Standards currently only have skills associated with English-Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics. There is currently no science, social studies, or art/music Common Core Standards. This leaves it up to individual states to have to develop their own set of standards and assessments for these topics.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Incarceration of the Mentally Challenged Term Paper

Incarceration of the Mentally Challenged - Term Paper Example Recently, it has been a common practice of the mentally challenged being locked in the prisons which has forced many to argue on the best practice of this incarceration. Mostly this has happened without the prior scrutiny of the culprits and their disorders (Grob, 243). It is a common knowledge that the mentally disabled persons have various and highly demanding needs which need be addressed in the best way possible. Significantly, other than pushing to protect the society they live in, the mentally challenged have the need to be cured of their illness which compels them to break the laws. Remarkably, the mentally ill persons are not in the position of making the right decisions due to their abnormalities. They commit themselves to actions without the prior knowledge or awareness of the emergent repercussions and consequences they will suffer as result. Notably, in the absence of their mental disorder these persons would be upright and function normally as the other healthy people. I n view of this, exemplary procedures and measures must be established by the concerned authorities to safeguard the incarceration of this suffering group of human kind (Grob, 245). Although the number of persons with mental retardation is minimal an increasing population of this has fallen within the jurisdiction of the criminal justice system. For a long time, the issue of locking the mentally challenged in the prisons has not been the best practice. As a fact, in many states little or no provision has been made for the mentally ill offenders accruing to inequitable harsh dispositions which are very expensive to the states (Grob, 245). More over many mentally challenged persons have been incarcerated for offences they have never committed. In the course of their arrest and subsequent prosecution, many are the times the perceived offenders confess of doing what they never did. This has been occasioned by their childlike ways of thinking and fear of the authorities leading to little long term perceptions. Essentially, such acts and confessions have forced the mentally retarded to wave their rights without a clear knowledge of what they are really doing (Larson et al. 240) In addition, the mentally ill are bound by numerous misfortunes. These people are jobless and as a consequence they make no income. During the pretrial incarceration only those who can afford bails which are typically accorded to the employed or with stable and secure living conditions are saved the unjust and cruel treatment in the prisons. Remarkably, by virtue of the retarded lacking bails condemns them to unfair incarceration (Larson et al. 244). Another challenge faced by the mentally ill is in the issue of securing a plea bargaining during the court process and ultimate sentencing. Though unaware, these persons provide the prosecutors with highly incriminating evidence against themselves than the normal persons. This makes them less successful in bargaining for their punishment within th e law. Furthermore, aggressive prosecutors are continuously lowering the credibility of their testimonies which makes them highly unreliable. Factually, the mentally retarded are serving long jails and high rate sentences since they cannot be accorded probations. This has been necessitated by the inequalities of the justice system which advocates granting probation to those of sound mind and possessing great education and work backgrounds (Larson et al. 246). Notably, the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Women's Role in the Fields of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering Essay

Women's Role in the Fields of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering - Essay Example Until the mid of the 19th century, many women were discriminated in terms of the kind of education they could receive (Klein 45). It was belived that learned women were likely to engage in deviant behavior, not acceptable to the society. People believed that educating females would have a negative effect on their children and their personal health as they are said to weak. By the mid 19th century, supporters of women’s education noted that women were not able to do their natural duties properly and effectively without having the knowledge to do so (Klein 45). In the late 19th century, scientists came up with different studies showing how upper middle class women’s health was affected by strain due to education. The studies also suggested that the strain caused to women in the process of learning mathematics drew blood from their reproductive organs to their brains. Education was therefore viewed to threaten women’s fertility. Despite the restriction on women†™s education, women made several contributions to scientific knowledge. Their contribution was through carrying out research and writing. For instance, Jane Colden who was taught by her father, a botanist, identified over three hundred plant species and classified them. She also identified and classified different works with the gardenia of which she is today identified with. The establishment of female academies meant for upper-class women in the US increased their literacy levels. Most women engaged in writing scientific texts. These texts were used or educating the public about basic science. In 1796 a text entitled Introduction to Botany in a Series of Familiar Letters was published by Priscilla Bell. The book was printed in the US and England for almost fifty years. Some years later, Jane Marcet made a publication of a text titled Conversations on Chemistry. Maria Mitchell is regarded as the first lady to be a professional scientist in America. According to Wyer (96), at twen ty-eight that is in 1847, she discovered a new comet. The earlier belief that it was unwise to educate women began to fade gradually in the latter part of the 1800s. This belief gave way to the argument that women education improved their knowledge making it more beneficial. By the end of the 19th century, around twenty-five women had been awarded doctorate degrees with six of them being in science (Wyer 56). The following year the number of women awarded doctorate degrees in science went up to thirty-six. This led to the increasing need to provide more job opportunities for women. When focusing on the history women in the field of engineering in America, there has been a great evolution. Early in the 19th century, technology was viewed in the perspective of science. It was viewed as a filed meant for men. It was due to the masculinity associated with the combination of science and technology. In those days the women’s contribution in science and other related fields such as mathematics and engineering was undermined. The only women who succeeded in the field worked in line with their husbands or fathers. The society of women engineers in America has done a lot in promoting engineering to be career choice to women. The society was formed in 1950 and was involved in introducing young females in the field of engineering. It has initiated career guidance and counseling for women. Earlier women engaged in the field of engineering of practiced the career through information distribution. By the start of the 20th century, engineering programs were only known by a small number of women. They started

Monday, November 18, 2019

Can Lollardy be considered a vigorous movement in the later fifteenth Essay

Can Lollardy be considered a vigorous movement in the later fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries - Essay Example The Lollard movement started when the followers of John Wycliff, after the death of Wycliff in 1384, started circulating Lollard doctrine around different regions of the world such as Southern and central England. Continuing its connections to Oxford and considerable gentry support, Lollardy was recognised as a small but persistent sect during the fifteenth century. Different scholars have been presenting different views regarding Lollards movement. Some consider Lollards movement as a small-scale movement resulted as a response to Wycliff teachings however, some scholars consider it as a coherent reform movement that prefigured sixteenth-century changes (Amold and Lewis 2004).2 After the emergence of Lollards movement in the fourteenth century, there has been always a dilemma regarding the nature of Lollards movement. Therefore, the aim of this report is to evaluate whether Lollards movement be considered as a vigorous and coherent movement in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. Various studies have been conducted to cover the concepts of Lollards movement. Historians and scholars have been always keen to evaluate the impact on Lollardy. Before presenting arguments, analysing the work of historians and scholars is very essential. Lollard is a problematic label and there are many issues regarding the origins, coherence and affect of this movement.3 There are two extreme views regarding the Lollards movement. The first view argues that not all but most of the Lollard writings are written by Wycliffe. Therefore, Lollardy as an incoherent movement was encouraged by social and economic grievance. This movement was primarily started to spread the thought of Wycliffe and it can be termed as either Lollardy or Wycliffism. On the other hand, the other extreme view suggests that Lollardy is not a movement but it is a projection of the anxieties of monarchies or churches. The second view considers Lollardy as a coherence of diverse beliefs and practices

Friday, November 15, 2019

Creating Shared Value From Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay

Creating Shared Value From Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay This research is an investigation into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and what it means to the companies that practice it. The subject remains an intriguing one because it raises questions about a companys responsibility towards society and whether it is good or bad for businesses (Crane et al, 2008). There is a need to understand why a company should be concerned about what is happening to the communities they are operating in, the impact of its operation and whether it can assist without compromising its bottom-line. The concept of CSR came in to focus in the early 1950 (Crane et al, 2008), it is now generally accepted by most companies and is expected by communities (Porter and Kramer 2006, Savitz and Weber 2006, Blowfield 2008). This has come about because of several events that started in the USA, causing negative impact on communities for example the Vietnam War 1960, the Watergate scandal during the Nixon era, the oil embargo 1973, later Enron collapse, Exxon Valdez oil spill (Argenti 2003) and recently the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Another factor has been globalisation by large companies in less developed countries whereby there has been human and environmental consequences (Blowfield et al 2008: 92). These events have propelled the rise of pressure groups, public and media scrutiny and government legislations on social and environmental issues and so encouraging companies to be ethical, accountable and transparent at all levels of management and not just at operational level. However CSR has been generally voluntary with philanthropic and charitable activities (Crane et al, 2008) aimed towards the environment and the immediate community because of these practices, CSR has been perceived by many to be a marketing tool and for enhancing the image and reputation of the company (Savitz and Weber, 2006). Therefore companies need to avoid public suspicion by finding ways to satisfying the stakeholders, make a profit and be competitive in a sustainable approach such as building on material resources, cultural advantages and, stakeholder connection (Savitz and Weber 2006 145). As a result there is a need to understand how companies can secure long-term economic performance by avoiding short-term behaviour that is socially detrimental or environmentally wasteful (Porter and Kramer 2006: 6). This can be achieved by making CSR part of core company strategies and integrated into the value chain to create shared value and gain competitive advantage over rivals (Porter and Kramer 2006: 13). However, Blowfield (2008) states that the social responsibilities of multinationals varies from small or medium businesses. Overall aim and objectives Following what has been mentioned above the overall aim of this research is to provide an understanding on how CSR can add value to the company in the course of meeting stakeholders expectations, be profitable and competitive in a socially acceptable manner. There is a lot of literature on CSR, however not a lot has been written on how CSR in the value chain can create a shared value for the stakeholders and the business simultaneously. With regards to the value chain most literature on it is related to gaining competitive advantages and profits making but little impact on societal needs. Therefore this research shall investigate CSR in the context of the value chain. However the investigation extends to the supply chain which, if sustainable creates the value chain. To realise the overall research aim, the following objectives have first to be realized. Critical examine the concepts CSR shared value in relation Critically evaluate the integration of CSR into the supply and value chain. Analyse how practices of CSR can create shared values. Draw conclusion on the findings of CSR practices in the supply and value chain. This allows further questions to be raised: Why is it, that CSR means different things to different people? What is the relationship of CSR practices, within in the supply chain and the value chain? How can value gained from CSR be measured? It is hoped that this research will make a contribution to the current literature of CSR practices. Consequently offer an understanding of CSR in the supply and value chain and the benefit of value creation it can offer. This study is suitable for other business management students or academic researchers that may wish to study more on the subject of CSR and its purpose in the supply and value chain. Overview of literature The first aim of this literature review is to identify the most important concepts in the field of CSR, identify definitions and key issues that arise. Secondly the background and similarities and differences between the supply and value chains will be considered. The final discussion shall be on the relationship of the value chains and CSR. The research within this literature review focuses on objectives 1 and 2 as set out above. 3.1 CSR Concept CSR not a relatively new concept it can be traced back centuries, the mid 1800s the industrial revolution brought about the first steps of CSR as businesses where concerned with their employees welfare and increasing their productivity (Crane et al, 2008). However CSR really gained importance in the 1950s it was known as the philanthropic era (Crane et al, 2008). One of the first CSR definitions came from Howard Bowen who made the link between business responsibilities and communities expectations. It (SR) refers to the obligations of businessmen to pursue those policies, to make those decisions, or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society (Crane et al 2008: 25). Bowens definition places a social obligation on businesses when making decisions to consider their impact on the communities. However in contrast to Bowen, Milton Friedman sees management as having only one responsibility to maximize profits of its shareholders (Friedman, 1970). This leads to the shareholder theory, which suggests that companys managers, are supposed to spend corporate funds only in ways authorized by the shareholders (Smith, 2003). Therefore managers are not to spend this fund on non-profitable activities that does not increase shareholders value. Friedman does state that while it is true that managers should increase profit for the shareholder they need to play by the basic rules of the society (Carroll, 1991). However individuals and groups are affected by negative business activities and operation. These are the stakeholders internal and external of the company to whom they have obligation and responsibilities (Galbreath, 2009). In contrast to shareholder theory Freeman citied in Crane et al 2008: 69 states that managers have a moral duty to protect all stakeholders. To merge the stakeholder and the shareholder theory Carroll introduced the Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility. Figure 1: Source: (Carroll, 1991) The pyramid, attempt to summaries and classify the numerous definitions of what constitute CSR within four categories economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic (Carroll, 1991). However it gives the impression that economic responsibility is the first step toward CSR and once achieved the next levels can be attempted and that philanthropic responsibility can only be achieved when all the levels are completed. Secondly ethical and legal responsibilities are pursued concurrently with any activity gear towards for profit maximisation and cannot be practise separately as it frequently required by the law. Philanthropic responsibility can be said to be voluntary and companies does not have to contribute to the communities that should the responsibility for governments. To address the confusion, the four tiers can be further broken down. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) may better represent the pyramid with the three Ps (Savitz and Weber, 2006). TBL like Carrolls Pyramid suggest that companies should take care not only of their bottom line but also their social/ethical and environment bottom lines (Meijer Schuyt, 2005) commonly identified as People, Planet and Profit. The diagram above illustrate that companies can pursue any of the three Ps in any particular order depending on what is priority for the company With these three social responsibilities to focus on companies should look at, how it can be integrated into the business. 3.2 The Supply Chain and the value chain This chapter shall look at the concept of the supply and value chain along with how economical, social and environmental responsibilities are managed to gain benefits for the stakeholders and the company. The supply chain is defined as The supply chain is defined by Supply Chain Council (1997) as a term increasingly used by logistics professionals it encompasses every effort involved in producing and delivering a final product, from the suppliers supplier to the customers customer (Lummus Vokurka, 1999) (Lummus Vokurka 1999: 11). It is a flow of goods (raw material) and services from a number of suppliers linking together to meet the needs of the customer at the end of the supply chain. From the researchers understanding the supply chain is a business process that forms part of the value chain. This understanding comes from the supply chain definition given by Cox citied Lummus Vokurka 1999 :11 the function within and outside a company that enable the value chain to make products and provide services to customers. The value chain of a company is a collection of activities that are performed to design, produce, market, deliver and support its product (Porter, 1998). It is a combination of two types of value adding activities primary and support (Porter, 1998) within the company that creates economic and social value (Porter and Kramer 2006: 13). Both the supply and value chains are vital for the integration and practice of CSR. The supply chain is more about effective and efficient processes from supplier/ producer to costumer, whilst the value chain activities links together to provide value to the stakeholders. Companies must use their supply and value chain to convert social needs and social issues into opportunities with the aim of meet the expectation of their stakeholders and achieve a unique strategic position. 3.3 From CSR to creating shared valued Traditionally companies carried out CSR through cash donation, charitable and philanthropic activities but these social initiative according to Michael Porter are however not effective as its often not carefully planned and not part of company strategies hence in the long term it is not effective (Porter Kramer, 2006). However, companies are increasingly aware that they can have long-term success only if they can create the same value for shareholders and the community in which they operate (Brabeck-Letmathe 2010). According to Nestlà © Chairman Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, for CSR to be a success for the company it needs to be part of the business function of creating value for shareholders and communities. Companies need to be able to integrate unmet social needs of employees and communities into the core business strategy and so unite all stakeholders values. Nestlà © employs the approach of Creating Shared Value (CSV) as a CSR practice. It involves addressing social causes that can in the long term provide added value for the shareholders and community. Research Design and Methodology A research is something that is undertaken by the people to find out things in a systematic way to increase knowledge (Saunders et al 2003:3). These involve finding a research methodology that can explain how the research is designed, how data will be collected, how the findings will be analysed and presented and also account for any limitations. In order to find the best research approach and the research strategy the researcher will follow the research process onion developed by (Saunders et al 2003: 83). This process allow for a systematic approach to answer the research questions and consequently meet the objectives set out above. The research methodology has five sub headings starting with the research philosophy and ending with data collection method at the centre of the onion. Figure 2: The Research Process Onion Source: Saunders et al 2003: 83 4.1 Research Philosophy This is about the way knowledge is gain and how it is developed. There are three recognised research philosophies positivism, interpretivism and realism. Positivism research process attempt to copy the method of the natural science and takes the role of an objective analyst, collecting data from the social external world in a value free manner (Saunders et al, 2003). Knowledge by this method is developed by reducing phenomena to simple elements representing general laws (Blumberg et al 2005: 23). While, the philosophy of interpretivism is motivated by subjective meaning of human interest (Saunders et al, 2003). Realism shares the philosophies of both positivism and interpretivism but at the same time stressing the error of studying people as objects in the style of natural science (Saunders et al, 2003). The philosophy framework adopted shall be the interpretivism, for the reason that corporate social responsibilities in the supply and value chain are complex and unique phenomenon wh ich cannot be generalised in a value free manner (Saunders et al, 2003). Furthermore, social phenomenon cannot be understood from just facts but from the exploration of people different experiences and why these differences result in the different construction and meanings people give to the social world (Blumberg et al 2005:21). 4.2 Research approach This involves the use of theory and the design of the research (Saunders et al, 2003). The theory approach includes inductive and deductive whilst the latter involves qualitative and quantitative approach. 4.2.1 Deductive This approached is adopted for scientific researchers were by a hypothesis is deducted and tested rigorously from a theory by the use of the appropriate research strategy (Saunders et al, 2003). For the deduction to be correct it must be both true and valid (Blumberg et al, 2005). 4.2.2 Inductive This involves building theory and defining the hypothesis by observation of empirical data (Saunders et al 2003:479). This study will have an inductive approach with the aims to understand why something is occurring and to build the theory by investigating CSR in the supply and ask why it influences the value chain and so infer a hypothesis that will answer the research questions. 4.2.3 Qualitative vs. quantitative These two approaches are generally used to gather data for unique phenomenon. Quantitative approach relies on gathering of numerical data and figures only. The objective of this approach to seek answers by measuring, analysis and interpretation of data with the aid of computer programmes (Saunders et al, 2003) (Zikmund, 2003). Such quantitative data gathered from large scale surveys or from electronic database are suitable for descriptive and causal studies (Hair et al, 2003). Qualitative approach involves the gathering of non numerical data (sentences or narratives) (Blumberg et al, 2005). The researcher has more control over the type of information gathered though leading or probing questions (Blumberg et al, 2005) or if collecting primary data through observation method, decisions can be taken on how and where the study will take place (Blumberg et al, 2005). Typically this study requires smaller samples or case studies and it is best suited for exploratory studies (Hair et al, 2003). 4.3 Research strategy Research strategy can be described as tool(s) utilised to answer the research questions. Saunders et al (2003) identify six main strategies experiments, Survey, case study, grounded theory, ethnography and action research that can be used, depending on the research approach selected. A case study is defined as a strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple sources of evidence (Saunders et al 2003:93) In this research a case study strategy will be used because of its ability to provide answers to the why and how questions. Saunders et al, states that a simple and well constructed case study can be used to challenge existing theory and provide source to hypothesis (Saunders et al, 2003). 4.4 Time horizons This involves deciding whether the research will be a snap shot taken a point in time (cross-sectional) or be a representation of event over a long period of time (longitudinal studies) (Saunders et al 2003:95). This research will utilise a snapshot approach or cross sectional studies because the research is not interested in change or development (Saunders et al, 2003) but at a point in time where the supply chain and value chain are influence by CSR practices. 4.4.1 Research purpose Saunders et al states that research enquires can be classified in terms of their purpose. These classifications include exploratory, descriptive or explanatory studies (Saunders et al, 2003). The purpose of this study is classified as an exploratory, whose objective is to find what is happening to seek new insight; to ask questions and to assess phenomena in a new light (Saunders et al, 2003).The exploratory study may be achieved by the use of both qualitative and quantitative tools but is most dependent on qualitative approach (Blumberg et al, 2005). 4.5 Data collection methods Data is collected depending on the nature of the research (Hair et al, 2003). As mentioned above this study is exploratory with the aim of exploring relevant literature and interviewing specialist on the subject (Saunders et al, 2003). Exploratory research provides the secondary data and primary data needed for analysis. The research aims to make use of both secondary and primary data. The former relates to data previously collected for other purposes and these are classified as documentary data, survey- based data and those complied from multiple sources (Saunders et al, 2003). For this research, secondary data regarding CSR practices shall be collected from relevant companies websites. In contrast primary data are collected for specific purposes through observation of peoples behaviour or utilizing semi and in-depth interviews (Saunders et al, 2003). Primary data can be collected by two methods, observation and survey which are further sub-divided into human and electronic observation as well as self completion and interviewer administered surveys (Hair et al, 2003). In this study primary data will be collected via interviewer administered surveys of individuals (Hair et al: 125). This approach is particularly helpful in collecting valid and reliable data (Saunders et al 2003: 245). 4.5.1 Interviews The primary data can collected from structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews. This study shall employ a semi structured approach which is often used in exploratory research. This type of interview usually starts with specific questions but the respondents are permitted to follow his or her own thoughts subsequently (Blumberg et al, 2005). The interviewer has the flexibility to omit or raise new questions depending on the organisation or change the order of the questions to suit the flow of the conversation (Saunders et al, 2003). This type of interview being qualitative in nature requires that data are collected by note taking or by tape- recording (Saunders et al, 2003). 4.5.2 Sampling Sampling is the technique that enables the reduction of data by selecting only part of the population rather than all possible cases or elements (Saunders et al, 2003) due to time constraint. There are two approaches to choosing the appropriate sample probability or non-probability sampling. In probability sampling each case or element of the population has known and none zero probability of being selected randomly (Saunders et al, 2003: 486). While, for non-probability sampling the probability of each case or element being selected is not known (Saunders et al, 2003). Non probability methods include quota, purposive, snowball, self- selection and convenience sampling. Non probability will be best suited for this study as it allow for the selection of participants that can help answer the research questions and meet set objectives. This type of sampling is used when the researcher wishes to select cases that are particularly informative (Saunders et al, 2003). Data Analysis and interpretation Data analysis involves managing large amount of data collected by summarising and arranging it in a meaningful format (Zikmund, 2003). Saunders et al put forward two strategies for analysis of qualitative data these are theoretical or descriptive frameworks (Saunders et al, 2003). The first strategy of theoretical framework relies on the analysis of data according to a deductive position where the use of existing theory is needed to formulate research questions. The second strategy entail an inductive position whereby the descriptive framework is used to start and direct the analysis of your data (Saunders et al: 389) by transforming data in a form easy to interpret (Zikmund, 2003). This research will make use of the second strategy descriptive framework, in order to organise the case study on the basis of description of the general characteristics and relations to the research questions (Yin, 1994). Research Limitation Limitations should to be taken into consideration while conducting a research. This research will be investigating multiple case studies as oppose to just a single case study. This is because with multiple case studies their results are considered more robust (Blumberg et al 2005: 376). However, it demands a lot of thinking on how to best select the appropriate case studies for the required evidence (ibid). The research also utilise a range of academic literatures and reputable publications. However, the literature listed in the reference may not include all of the best up-to-date sources. Many other sources that could have been used but decision was taken to focus on particular literature mainly due to having access to them albeit some dated from the year 1991 and 2003. So the research structure depends on the type of sources found. Validity and reliability According to Saunders et al reducing the possibility of getting the answer wrong means that attention has to be paid to two particular emphases on research design reliability and validity (Saunders et al 2003:100). Reliability This means that the research can only be characterised as reliable, firstly if it can yield the same results consistently free from error (Saunders et al, 2003) (Zikmund, 2003). Secondly, the same observation ought to be observed by others and thirdly raw data has to be interpreted in a transparent way (Saunders et al 2003:101). Reliability of a research can be tested by repeatability and internal consistency. The former involves, similar scale or measure to the same respondents at different times to concur the same result (Zikmund, 2003). If the results gathered at the different times are dissimilar this indicates a low degree of reliability (Zikmund, 2003). However this test is more suitable for longitudinal studies where there is little time constraint. Internal consistency involve the measure of homogeneity where by all similar questions are grouped together in a questionnaire to measure the same concept (Zikmund, 2003). Validity On the other hand, this is about how data collection methods accurately measure what is intended to be measured and whether the findings are really about what they appear to be about (Saunders et al 2003:101, 492). There are three tests to be used when testing quality of case studies these are construct validity, internal validity and external validity (Yin 1994: 33). Table 1, summaries the three tests for validating of research. Test Description Case study Tactic Construct Validity Establishing correct operational measures for the concept being studied Use of multiple sources of evidence Establish chain of evidence Have key information review draft case study report Internal Validity Establishing a casual relationship, whereby certain conditions are shown to lead to other conditions, as distinguished from spurious relationship Do pattern matching Do explanation- building Do time- series analysis External Validity Establishing the domain to which a study findings can be generalised Use replication logic in multiple- case studies. Table 1 Quality Test Description and case study tactic (Yin 1994: 33) In this research, certain measures will be employed to increase the validity. To increases the construct validity it is import prior to the interview the questionnaire is pilot tested so as to ensure that respondents will have no problem to understand and answer questions (Saunders et al 2003: 308). A tape recorder will be verified to ensure that data can be recorded proficiently and this should allow focus on the interview and not note taking. The benefit with a tape recorder is that it can be replayed whenever required. Internal validity concerns with explanatory studies, where the research try to determine casual relationship between variables (Saunders et al, 2003). This research is exploratory and the internal validity of this study is not relevant. External validity is concerned with knowing that the results of the case studies are generalise or not (Saunders et al, 2003) and retested through replication (Yin, 1994) to other research settings. Timescale

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Essay --

cting the country, the Philippines do have the potential to become a developed country. An issue that is affecting the country’s progress towards development is education. The Philippines is the only remaining Asian nation in the world putting the 10-year cycle of basic education in effect. The Department of Education was pushing for the implementation of the K-12 program to finally take effect in the Philippines. Seventy percent of the country’s unemployed citizens are high school graduates. To improve the education of the people in the Philippines, President Benigno Aquino has formally signed the law extending the basic education curriculum in the country (Al Nisr Publishing LLC). The President signed the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2012, or the K to 12 Basic Education Program, a scheme that took at least five years to finally implement (Al Nisr Publishing LLC). Aquino believe that the K to 12 program will make way for a brighter future for young Filipinos by equipping them with basic education up to international standards. Another issue affecting the country’s progress towards becoming a developed country is the natural disasters within the country. The most recent typhoon that has taken place in the Philippines, Typhoon Haiyan, is said to have killed more than 10,000 people. However, there have been other natural disasters that have also left startling devastation in the Philippines prior. There has been at least ten other natural disasters in the last decade that have also left high death tolls. For example, on December 3, 2012, Typhoon Bopha smashed into the main southern island of Mindanao, Philippines. The region suffered roughly 1,900 people dead or missing. Another example of this was on February 17, 2006 when an e... ...r in the Philippines, but sea levels have also risen by half an inch in the past ten to twenty years, faster than the worldwide average (The Washington Post). In 2009, some of the world's developed countries pledged $30 billion in climate aid, which would rise over time. However, a recent report from Oxfam found that most developed countries have yet to make any concrete plans to follow through (The Washington Post). Another issue in the Philippines is malnutrition and hunger. Malnutrition among children has not changed much over the past 10 years, making it very unlikely for the country to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of eliminating poverty and extreme hunger by 2015 (Inquirer). Families who do not get the 100 percent dietary energy requirement even increased from 57 percent of the population in 2003 to 66.9 percent in 2008, the survey said (Inquirer).

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Compensation: Limousine Business Operators

Market Evaluation Limousines are an elegant and comfortable means of transport, and are far more preferred than plain rent-a-car arrangements. The car rental business, however, has diversified from the classic black stretch limo to a more diversified and modern vehicle fleet ranging from sedans, limo buses, and even stretch SUV's with huge seating capacities. According to latest data, some 400 million Americans make limousine reservations from car rental firms each year for a variety of reasons: among them airport pick ups and transfers, entertaining business and corporate clients, as well momentous occasions such as weddings, proms and other social gatherings. The huge traffic and short wait for a return on investment has caused more than a few hundred new limousine businesses to emerge every year.Although competition in the limo market is currently stiff, there will always be room for limousine business operators whose aim is to provide top-notch service that give clients value for their money. The average salary for a limousine driver in Austin, Texas, for 2012 was $23,550 or $11.33 per hour. The 50th percentile of pay for a limousine driver in Austin, Texas, was $22,140 or $10.64 per hour. The average limousine company allocates 25% of its budget for salary and benefits.The recent economic recovery and increased consumer demand for limousine service resulted in 61% of limousine services increasing revenue in 2012. Business and professional clients comprise 61% of the customer base for limousine services and should be the target customer base for the company.Compensation Structure Mr. Stonefield compensation structure should reflect the company business plan and goals by placing a priority on customer service, repeat business,  new client referrals, and safety. What the company can afford to pay and implementing programs to reward performance that align employee compensation with the success of the company should be the basis of the compensation structure The compensation structure should keep fixed labor costs low and place emphasis on benefits, incentives, and merit based-pay.