How Deradicalization Impacts Terrorist Groups

How Deradicalization Impacts Terrorist GroupsHow underside the intelligence confederacy use deradicalizationto impact the effectiveness of Hezbollah?The intelligence residential district is vital to building cohesive fundament and imperturbable societies. A deradicalization syllabus via a mixture of elements described herein center on ideological and religious education that challenge the effectiveness of Hezbollah. Groups that sit a meaningful threat allow Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Al-Shabaab, Hezbollah, and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Hezbollah is unique in that they ar one of the intimately healthful developed social and community supported networks, and an official member of an organized government, i.e., Lebanese Government via overwhelming/evolved success as a spherical terrorist or Shia defense organization and subsequent political power in the Lebanese political system through its use of social function (Love, 2010, p. 1).Leve raging a deradicalization program is simply one of several innovative approaches to counterterrorism. Hezbollah is a well-funded terrorist network founded on social services. Impacting Hezbollah requires a multi-pronged approach. The juncture exceptional operations University Report (2010) evokes,Hezbollahs organizational structure, funding root systems, and social service achievements abide a systemic understanding of how the organization morphed from a resistance cause into a stateless government that leverages charity to meet the needs of the neglected, oppressed, and marginalized. (p. 14)The intelligencecommunity must recognize the reasons for radicalization while simultaneously refering essential funding sources beforehand executing a deradicalizationprogram. A diplomatic approach depends onpreemptive intelligence gathering, the rule of law, cooperation with the media,and promotion of domestic security (Munoz & Crosston, 2015, p. 24).The collins Dictionary defines deradi calization as the practice of encouraging individuals with extreme and idle religious or political ideologies to adopt views that are more moderate (n.d.). Johnston (2009) found recognize distinctions between insulation and deradicalization.Disengagementoccurs when an individual or a group no bimestrial engages in violence or theindividual no longer participates in the violent activities of the group. Deradicalization occurs when a group or anindividual no longer believes in a violent ideology. (p. 9)Understanding andappreciating the differences between disengagement and deradicalization isone-step towards the intelligence community deradicalizing Hezbollah.Deradicalization in prison houses is one of onlya few methods or techniques likely capable of reversing the Hezbollah radicalizationprocess. Diplomacy in conjunction withderadicalization whitethorn effectively debase Hezbollahs engagement with theLebanese Government. Regardless of approach,a successful deradicalization progr am consists of counselors, legal scholars,law enforcement officers, and members of the intelligence community. Establishing success is non easy on that point is noone size fits all as political context situates each program.The majority of individual deradicalizationprograms reside in prisons and include a holistic multi-agency approach. Intelligence gathering, education, familysupport, and led by social services are the four common pillars that support asuccessful deradicalization program. Accordingto monetary value (2017), Deradicalization programs at a minimum consist ofTrained counselors capable ofconvincing extremists that terrorist activity is barbaric in a religiouscontext.Convince extremists that their individualviews are unfounded in a religious context.Treat extremists mentalhealth.Extract extremists valuesystem as a form of violence.Hezbollah, similar to other groups, appealsto educated and non-educated unemployed individuals. This vulnerability causes individuals to i dentifywith radical ideology. Deradicalizationincludes vocational training, religious counseling, psychological counseling,or creative art therapy. Vocationaltraining is an element leveraged for incarcerated individuals to provide a pathforward pursual release. Theeducational cerebrate could vary and harness ideological specificity. Although education would only be a portion ofa full deradicalization program, as a innate program principle, programscan be successful.Credible mentors previously radicalizedliaise with prisoners throughout their incarceration. Mentors establish a rapport with prisoners,as prisons are ideal locations for the implementation of deradicalizationprograms due to the measures of control in a prison setting (Johnston, 2009,p. 1). The established relationshipbetween mentor and prisoner allows incarcerated individuals to be honest andcommunicate their religious or political beliefs. overt communication is necessary forderadicalization to occur, as imprisonme nt becomes a cell that facilitatesradicalization.Hezbollah holds 14 seats in the LebaneseParliament, providing Hezbollah with significant international genuineness(Philippone, 2008). Hezbollahs enormoussocial service effort consistently outperforms the Lebanese governments socialprograms. As such, strain shifts towardscommitment and maintenance of an individuals success via ones family and jobbeyond release. The intelligence communityand collaborative partners support for family members care for incarcerated individuals dish up increase inclusion, thence deterring individuals from returning to theterrorist organization to fulfill previous needs.As an example, the Official Irish RepublicanArmy previously leveraged diplomacy via building a nonviolent and class-based adhesiveness between Protestant and Catholic working classes in Northern Ireland toundermine partition (Henriksen, 2008, p. 23).If diplomacy is unsuccessful, APractitioners authority Forward describes bring and impac t of overt publicpatron-client relationships, i.e., Iran supplies Hezbollah with funds, weapons,and the status that comes with the formal recognition by a powerful state. Hezbollah reciprocates through its committalto Irans state ideology, and its public support for Iranian policy objectives,which extends Tehrans influence into the Levant (Brannan, Darken, &Strindberg, 2014, p. 75).While material inducements like reducedprison sentence, housing, vehicles, etc. are appealing, deradicalizationprograms that rely predominantly on these inducements are the leastsuccessful. According to a Global Counterterrorism Forum memorandum,although terrorists should be appropriately punished, the criminal arbitersystem should provide for their deradicalization and reintegration intosociety (n.d., p. 2).A deradicalization process cannot follow aset script, nor can it be the same for all individuals going through it. advantage depends on the handiness ofadequate funding, reform within the prison s tructure, incorporation of culturalnorms, provision of monetary support to families of detainees, and followthrough with after-care programs (Johnston, 2009, p. 61). This approach consists of arehabilitation-focused deradicalization.An effective deradicalization program forHezbollah incorporates aforementioned elements before, during, and afterincarceration for societal integration. Sucha diplomatic method builds on victories achieved over the short, medium, andlong-term, designed to simulate down the reason of the enemy and to develop fullyfunctional societies with an actively included citizenry (Munoz, 2015, p.24). Deradicalization programs must be uniqueto a groups strengths and weakness, and the intelligence community must beable to adapt and make changes as necessary to prevent recidivism.ReferencesBrannan,D.,Darken,K., & Strindberg,A. (2014). A practitioners wayforward. Salinas, CA Agile Press. explanation of deradicalization.(n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https//www .collinsmental lexicon.com/us/dictionary/english/deradicalizationGlobal Counterterrorism Forum.(n.d.). Retrieved on April 14, 2018, from https//www.thegctf.org/Portals/1/Documents/Framework%20Documents/A/GCTF-Rome-Memorandum-ENG.pdfHenriksen, T. (2008). What ReallyHappened in Northern Irelands Counterinsurgency Revision Revelation. spliff Special operations University Report.Retrieved from https//www.hsdl.org/?view&did=692814Johnston, A. (2009).Assessing the effectiveness of deradicalization programs on islamistextremists. (Masters thesis). nautical Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.Retrieved from https//www.hsdl.org/?view&did=29447Love, J. (2010, June). HezbollahSocial services as a source of power. Joint Special Operations UniversityReport. Retrieved from https//www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2010/1006_jsou-report-10-5.pdfMunoz, M. J., & Crosston, M.(2015). Diplomatic Counterterrorist Deterrence. Air & Space PowerJournal, 29(4), 15-26. Retrieved from http//www.air university.af.mil/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-29_Issue-4/F-Munzo_Crosston.pdfPhilippone,D. (2008). Hezbollah The network andits support systems. (Masters thesis). Naval Postgraduate School,Monterey, CA. Retrieved from http//www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA483483Price, M. (2017, may 26). Can terrorists be deradicalized. Science.Retrieved from http//www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/can-terrorists-be-deradicalized Students who reviewed my DRAFT includeAlly ArtsKarl BeckettBrianna Goode to impact the effectiveness of Hezbollah?The intelligence community is vital to building cohesive infrastructure and peaceful societies.A deradicalization program via a mixture of elements described herein center on ideological and religious education that challenge the effectiveness of Hezbollah.Groups that pose a significant threat include Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Al-Shabaab, Hezbollah, and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).Hezbollah is unique in that they are one of t he most well developed social and community supported networks, and an official member of an organized government, i.e., Lebanese Government via overwhelming/evolved success as a global terrorist or Shia defense organization and subsequent political power in the Lebanese political system through its use of social services (Love, 2010, p. 1).Leveraging a deradicalization program is simply one of several innovative approaches to counterterrorism.Hezbollah is a well-funded terrorist network founded on social services.Impacting Hezbollah requires a multi-pronged approach.The Joint Special Operations University Report (2010) states,Hezbollahs organizational structure, funding sources, and social service achievements provide a systemic understanding of how the organization morphed from a resistance movement into a stateless government that leverages charity to meet the needs of the neglected, oppressed, and marginalized. (p. 14)The intelligence community must recognize the reasons for rad icalization while simultaneously identifying requisite funding sources before executing a deradicalization program.A diplomatic approach depends on preemptive intelligence gathering, the rule of law, cooperation with the media, and promotion of domestic security (Munoz & Crosston, 2015, p. 24).The Collins Dictionary defines deradicalization as the practice of encouraging individuals with extreme and violent religious or political ideologies to adopt views that are more moderate (n.d.).Johnston (2009) found key distinctions between disengagement and deradicalization.Disengagement occurs when an individual or a group no longer engages in violence or the individual no longer participates in the violent activities of the group.Deradicalization occurs when a group or an individual no longer believes in a violent ideology. (p. 9)Understanding andappreciating the differences between disengagement and deradicalization isone-step towards the intelligence community deradicalizing Hezbollah.De radicalization in prisons is one of only a few methods or techniques likely capable of reversing the Hezbollah radicalization process.Diplomacy in conjunction with deradicalization may effectively counteract Hezbollahs engagement with the Lebanese Government.Regardless of approach, a successful deradicalization program consists of counselors, legal scholars, law enforcement officers, and members of the intelligence community.Establishing success is not easy there is no one size fits all as political context situates each program.The majority of individual deradicalization programs reside in prisons and include a holistic multi-agency approach.Intelligence gathering, education, family support, and led by social services are the four common pillars that support a successful deradicalization program.According to Price (2017), Deradicalization programs at a minimum consist ofTrained counselors capable ofconvincing extremists that terrorist activity is unfounded in a religiouscontext.Con vince extremists that their individualviews are unfounded in a religious context.Treat extremists mentalhealth.Extract extremists valuesystem as a form of violence.Hezbollah, similar to other groups, appeals to educated and non-educated unemployed individuals.This vulnerability causes individuals to identify with radical ideology.Deradicalization includes vocational training, religious counseling, psychological counseling, or creative art therapy.Vocational training is an element leveraged for incarcerated individuals to provide a path forward following release.The educational focus could vary and harness ideological specificity.Although education would only be a portion of a full deradicalization program, as a fundamental program principle, programs can be successful.Credible mentors previously radicalized liaise with prisoners throughout their incarceration.Mentors establish a rapport with prisoners, as prisons are ideal locations for the implementation of deradicalization program s due to the measures of control in a prison setting (Johnston, 2009, p. 1).The established relationship between mentor and prisoner allows incarcerated individuals to be honest and communicate their religious or political beliefs.Open communication is necessary for deradicalization to occur, as imprisonment becomes a cell that facilitates radicalization.Hezbollah holds 14 seats in the Lebanese Parliament, providing Hezbollah with significant international legitimacy (Philippone, 2008).Hezbollahs enormous social service effort consistently outperforms the Lebanese governments social programs.As such, focus shifts towards commitment and sustainment of an individuals success via ones family and job beyond release.The intelligence community and collaborative partners support for family members care for incarcerated individuals help increase inclusion, thus deterring individuals from returning to the terrorist organization to fulfill previous needs.As an example, the Official Irish Repu blican Army previously leveraged diplomacy via building a nonviolent and class-based alliance between Protestant and Catholic working classes in Northern Ireland to undermine partition (Henriksen, 2008, p. 23).If diplomacy is unsuccessful, A Practitioners Way Forward describes influence and impact of overt public patron-client relationships, i.e., Iran supplies Hezbollah with funds, weapons, and the status that comes with the formal recognition by a powerful state.Hezbollah reciprocates through its allegiance to Irans state ideology, and its public support for Iranian policy objectives, which extends Tehrans influence into the Levant (Brannan, Darken, & Strindberg, 2014, p. 75).While material inducements like reduced prison sentence, housing, vehicles, etc. are appealing, deradicalization programs that rely predominantly on these inducements are the least successful. According to a Global Counterterrorism Forum memorandum, although terrorists should be appropriately punished, the cr iminal justice system should provide for their deradicalization and reintegration into society (n.d., p. 2).A deradicalization process cannot follow a set script, nor can it be the same for all individuals going through it.Success depends on the availability of adequate funding, reform within the prison structure, incorporation of cultural norms, provision of monetary support to families of detainees, and follow through with after-care programs (Johnston, 2009, p. 61).This approach consists of a rehabilitation-focused deradicalization.An effective deradicalization program for Hezbollah incorporates aforementioned elements before, during, and after incarceration for societal integration. Such a diplomatic method builds on victories achieved over the short, medium, and long-term, designed to wear down the resolve of the enemy and to develop fully functional societies with an actively included citizenry (Munoz, 2015, p. 24).Deradicalization programs must be unique to a groups strengths and weakness, and the intelligence community must be able to adapt and make changes as necessary to prevent recidivism.ReferencesBrannan,D., Darken,K., & Strindberg,A. (2014). A practitioners way forward. Salinas, CA Agile Press.Definition of deradicalization. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https//www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/deradicalizationGlobal Counterterrorism Forum. (n.d.). Retrieved on April 14, 2018, from https//www.thegctf.org/Portals/1/Documents/Framework%20Documents/A/GCTF-Rome-Memorandum-ENG.pdf Henriksen, T. (2008). What Really Happened in Northern Irelands Counterinsurgency Revision Revelation. Joint Special Operations University Report. Retrieved from https//www.hsdl.org/?view&did=692814Johnston, A. (2009). Assessing the effectiveness of deradicalization programs on islamist extremists. (Masters thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from https//www.hsdl.org/?view&did=29447 Love, J. (2010, June). Hezbollah Social servic es as a source of power. Joint Special Operations University Report. Retrieved from https//www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2010/1006_jsou-report-10-5.pdf Munoz, M. J., & Crosston, M. (2015). Diplomatic Counterterrorist Deterrence. Air & Space Power Journal, 29(4), 15-26. Retrieved from http//www.airuniversity.af.mil/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-29_Issue-4/F-Munzo_Crosston.pdf Philippone, D. (2008). Hezbollah The network and its support systems. (Masters thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from http//www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA483483 Price, M. (2017, May 26). Can terrorists be deradicalized. Science. Retrieved from http//www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/can-terrorists-be-deradicalized